{"id":1861,"date":"2018-12-27T12:53:41","date_gmt":"2018-12-27T04:53:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yusian.com\/blog\/?p=1861"},"modified":"2020-12-02T12:59:17","modified_gmt":"2020-12-02T04:59:17","slug":"linux%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yusian.com\/blog\/centos\/2018\/12\/27\/1253411861.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>UNIX\u4e4b\u7236\uff1aDennis Ritchie\uff08Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie \u4e39\u5c3c\u65af\u00b7\u9ea6\u5361\u5229\u65af\u6cf0\u5c14\u00b7\u91cc\u5947\uff09<br \/>\nC\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u7236\uff1aDennis Ritchie\uff08Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie \u4e39\u5c3c\u65af\u00b7\u9ea6\u5361\u5229\u65af\u6cf0\u5c14\u00b7\u91cc\u5947\uff09<br \/>\nLinux\u4e4b\u7236\uff1aLinus Benedict Torvalds\uff08\u6797\u7eb3\u65af\u00b7\u672c\u7eb3\u7b2c\u514b\u7279\u00b7\u6258\u74e6\u5179\uff09<br \/>\nC++\u4e4b\u7236\uff1aBjarne Stroustrup\uff08\u672c\u8d3e\u5c3c\u00b7\u65af\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u7279\u5362\u666e\uff09<br \/>\n\u5b89\u5353\u4e4b\u7236\uff1aAndy Rubin\uff08\u5b89\u8fea\u00b7\u9c81\u5bbe\uff09<\/p>\n<h3>1\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u6790\u5668<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>shell \u2014 Unix\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li>bash \u2014  Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2\u3001Linux \u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>history \u2014 \u67e5\u770b\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\uff1bCtrl+P\u3001Ctrl+N\u524d\u540e\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u5149\u6807\u952e\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c<\/li>\n<li>\u5feb\u6377\u952e\uff1aCtrl+B(\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a) Ctrl+F(\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a) Ctrl+A(\u884c\u9996) Ctrl+E(\u884c\u5c3e) Ctrl+H(\u5220\u9664\u524d) Ctrl+D(\u5220\u9664\u540e) Ctrl+U(\u5220\u9664\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709)<\/li>\n<li>ls\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a-\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u3001d\u76ee\u5f55\u3001l\u94fe\u63a5\u7b26\u53f7\u3001b\u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u3001c\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u3001s socket\u6587\u4ef6\u3001p\u7ba1\u9053<\/li>\n<li>mkdir \uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u591a\u91cd\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u52a0\u9012\u5f52\u53c2\u6570-p<\/li>\n<li>cp \uff1a\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528cp\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u52a0-r\u9012\u5f52<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\/bin : \u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\/boot : \u6838\u5fc3\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u955c\u50cf\u7b49\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\/dev : \u5916\u90e8\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5916\u90e8\u8bbe\u5907\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ea4\u4e92\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\/etc : \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\/home : \u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>\/lib : \u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8fde\u63a5\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3cWidows\u4e0b\u7684dll\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\/lost+found : \u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u975e\u6cd5\u5173\u673a\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\/media : Liunx\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982U\u76d8\u7b49\uff0c\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\/mnt : \u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u4e34\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\u53e6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li>\/opt : \u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6240\u6446\u653e\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\/proc : \u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\u800c\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\/root : \u8d85\u7ea7\u6743\u9650\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>\/sbin : \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li>\/selinux : Redhat\/CentOS\u7279\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0cSelinux\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u9632\u706b\u5899<\/li>\n<li>\/srv : \u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u4e4b\u540e\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<li>\/sys :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u67e5\u770b\u7684\u51e0\u6761\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>more \u4e00\u6b21\u67e5\u770b\u8f83\u591a<\/li>\n<li>less \u4e00\u6b21\u67e5\u770b\u8f83\u5c11\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>head \u67e5\u770b\u5934\u90e8\u5c11\u91cf\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>tail \u67e5\u770b\u5c3e\u90e8\u5c11\u91cf\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>cat \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>Ctrl+B\u5f80\u524d\u7ffb\u9875\uff0cCtrl+F\u5f80\u540e\u7ffb\u9875<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>5\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u94fe\u63a5<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5 \uff1a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cln -s source link\uff0c\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n<li>\u786c\u94fe\u63a5 \uff1a\u591a\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61 ln source link\uff0c\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u4e0d\u5360\u7528\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u4fee\u6539\u540c\u65f6\u751f\u6548\uff1b\u6307\u5411\u7684\u90fd\u662finode\uff08i\u7ed3\u70b9\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>6\u3001\u6587\u4ef6|\u76ee\u5f55\u5c5e\u6027<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>wc \uff1aword count\uff0c\u5b57\u6570\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u56db\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\uff1a\u884c\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u6570 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/li>\n<li>od \uff1a \u67e5\u770b\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>du \uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f -h<\/li>\n<li>df \uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/li>\n<li>which \uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li>whoami \uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n<li>chmod \uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650\n<ul>\n<li>a \u5168\u90e8<\/li>\n<li>u \u6240\u6709\u8005<\/li>\n<li>g \u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/li>\n<li>o \u5176\u4ed6\u4eba<\/li>\n<li>+r\/-r \u6dfb\u52a0\u8bfb\/\u5220\u9664\u8bfb<\/li>\n<li>+w\/-w \u6dfb\u52a0\u5199\/\u5220\u9664\u5199<\/li>\n<li>+x\/-x \u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\/\u5220\u9664\u6267\u884c<\/li>\n<li>= \u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5168\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c=w\u5219\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u6709\u5199\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>chmod u+w xxxx \u8868\u793a\u5bf9xxx\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6dfb\u52a0\u5199\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>find \uff1a\u67e5\u627e\n<ul>\n<li>\u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u67e5\u627e find ~ -name \u201cxxx\u201d\u3001find ~ -name \u201cx?x\u201d\u3001find ~ -name \u201cx*&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>\u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u67e5\u627e find ~ -size +10k\u3001find \/ -size -10M\u3001find \/ -size +10k -size -1M<\/li>\n<li>\u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u67e5\u627e find ~ -type p<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>grep \uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u68c0\u7d22\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5185\u5bb9\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cgrep -r \u201cxxx\u201d ~\uff0c\u5728home\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u5305\u542bxxx\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>mkfifo \uff1a\u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3cmkdir\u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>7\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u5378\u8f7d<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728\u7ebf\u5b89\u88c5\n<ul>\n<li>sudo apt-get update \/\/ \u66f4\u65b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/li>\n<li>sudo apt-get install xxxxx \/\/ \u5b89\u88c5xxx\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>sudo apt-get remove xxxx \/\/ \u5378\u8f7dxxx\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>sudo apt-get clean \/\/ \u6e05\u9664\u672c\u5730\u5b89\u88c5\u5305(\/var\/cache\/apt\/archives\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684.deb\u5305)<\/li>\n<li>\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u8fd8\u6709aptitude\uff0c\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0eapt-get\u5b8c\u5168\u7c7b\u4f3c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>deb\u5305\u5b89\u88c5\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b89\u88c5\uff1asudo dpkg -i xxx.deb<\/li>\n<li>\u5378\u8f7d\uff1asudo dpkg -r xxxx<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u6e90\u7801\u5b89\u88c5\n<ul>\n<li>\u89e3\u538b\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801<\/li>\n<li>\u68c0\u6d4b\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u521b\u5efaMakefile\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6267\u884c.\/configure<\/li>\n<li>\u7f16\u8bd1\u6e90\u7801\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u5e93\u548c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\uff1amake\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\u628a\u5e93\u548c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u5b89\u88c5\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1asudo make install<\/li>\n<li>\u5220\u9664\u548c\u5378\u8f7d\uff1asudo make distclean<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee5README\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a\u51c6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>8\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u6302\u8f7d<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\uff1asudo fdisk -l \u67e5\u770b\u5b58\u50a8\u53ca\u78c1\u76d8<\/li>\n<li>mount\u3001umount\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u6302\u8f7d\u4e0e\u5378\u8f7d<\/li>\n<li>\u6302\u8f7d\uff1a\u5916\u90e8\u8bbe\u5907\u6302\u8f7d\u5230mnt\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\uff1asudo mount \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt\/usb<\/li>\n<li>\u5378\u8f7d\uff1asudo umount \/mnt\/usb<\/li>\n<li>\u78c1\u76d8\u8bbe\u5907\u79cd\u7c7b\n<ul>\n<li>sd \u2014> SCSI Device<\/li>\n<li>sda \u2014> \u7b2c\u4e00\u5757sd\u8bbe\u5907\n<ul>\n<li>sda1 \u2014> \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u533a(\u4e3b\u5206\u533a1-4)<\/li>\n<li>sda5 \u2014> \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u5206\u533a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>sdb \u2014> \u7b2c\u4e8c\u5757sd\u8bbe\u5907<\/li>\n<li>hd \u2014> Hard Disk \u786c\u76d8<\/li>\n<li>fd \u2014> Floppy Disk \u8f6f\u76d8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>9\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>gzip \uff1agzip xxx.xx \u2014> xxx.xxx.gz\uff0c\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u7559 gunzip \u89e3\u538b\u7f29<\/li>\n<li>bzip2 \uff1abzip2 xxx.xxx -> xxx.xxx.bz2\uff0c-k \u4fdd\u7559\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6 bunzip2 \u89e3\u538b\u7f29<\/li>\n<li>tar \uff1a\u6253\u5305\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a0-z\u6216-j\uff0c\u4e0d\u538b\u7f29\n<ul>\n<li>c \u521b\u5efa<\/li>\n<li>x \u91ca\u653e<\/li>\n<li>v \u663e\u793a\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li>f \u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/li>\n<li>z \u4f7f\u7528gzip\u65b9\u5f0f\u538b\u7f29<\/li>\n<li>j \u4f7f\u7528bzip2\u65b9\u5f0f\u538b\u7f29<\/li>\n<li>\u538b\u7f29\uff1atar zcvf xxx.tar.gz  xxxxxx\u3001tar jcvf xxx.tar.bz2 xxxxxx<\/li>\n<li>\u89e3\u538b\uff1atar zxvf xxx.gz -C xxxx\u3001tar jxvf xxxx.tar.bz2 -C xxxx<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>rar \uff1a\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5b89\u88c5rar\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u538b\u7f29\uff1arar a xxx [\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55]\u3001\u89e3\u538b\uff1arar x xxx.rar [\u76ee\u5f55]<\/li>\n<li>zip \uff1a\u538b\u7f29zip -r xxx.zip [\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55]\u3001\u89e3\u538b\uff1aunzip xxx.zip -d [\u76ee\u5f55]<\/li>\n<li>\u603b\u7ed3\uff1atar\u3001rar\u3001zip\u4e09\u8005\u8bed\u6cd5\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u538b\u7f29\uff1atar\/rar\/zip [\u53c2\u6570] [\u6587\u4ef6\u540d] [\u76ee\u6807]\u3001\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\uff1atar\/rar\/unzip [\u538b\u7f29\u5305] [\u53c2\u6570] [\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>10\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>ps\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>a \u2014> \u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li>u \u2014> \u4ee5\u7528\u6237\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u663e\u793a<\/li>\n<li>x \u2014> \u6240\u6709\u7ec8\u7aef<\/li>\n<li>| \u2014> \u914d\u5408\u7ba1\u9053\u8fdb\u884c\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8f93\u51fa\u505a\u4e3a\u540e\u9762\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5982ps aux | grep bash\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u68c0\u7d22\u5305\u542bbash\u7684\u90e8\u5206<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>kill\n<ul>\n<li>kill -l \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u53f7\uff1a1) SIGHUP     2) SIGINT     3) SIGQUIT     4) SIGILL     5) SIGTRAP  6) SIGABRT     7) SIGBUS     8) SIGFPE     9) SIGKILL    10) SIGUSR1 11) SIGSEGV    12) SIGUSR2    13) SIGPIPE    14) SIGALRM    15) SIGTERM 16) SIGSTKFLT    17) SIGCHLD    18) SIGCONT    19) SIGSTOP    20) SIGTSTP 21) SIGTTIN    22) SIGTTOU    23) SIGURG    24) SIGXCPU    25) SIGXFSZ 26) SIGVTALRM    27) SIGPROF    28) SIGWINCH    29) SIGIO    30) SIGPWR 31) SIGSYS    34) SIGRTMIN    35) SIGRTMIN+1    36) SIGRTMIN+2    37) SIGRTMIN+3 38) SIGRTMIN+4    39) SIGRTMIN+5    40) SIGRTMIN+6    41) SIGRTMIN+7    42) SIGRTMIN+8 43) SIGRTMIN+9    44) SIGRTMIN+10    45) SIGRTMIN+11    46) SIGRTMIN+12    47) SIGRTMIN+13 48) SIGRTMIN+14    49) SIGRTMIN+15    50) SIGRTMAX-14    51) SIGRTMAX-13    52) SIGRTMAX-12 53) SIGRTMAX-11    54) SIGRTMAX-10    55) SIGRTMAX-9    56) SIGRTMAX-8    57) SIGRTMAX-7 58) SIGRTMAX-6    59) SIGRTMAX-5    60) SIGRTMAX-4    61) SIGRTMAX-3    62) SIGRTMAX-2 63) SIGRTMAX-1    64) SIGRTMAX<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7ed3\u675f\u5355\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528kill -SIGKILL  [PID]\uff0c\u6216\u8005kill -9 [PID]\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>env \uff1a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\n<ul>\n<li>env | grep PATH\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709path<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>top \uff1a\u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668<\/li>\n<li>ulimit\uff1a-a \u663e\u793a\u76ee\u524d\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>11\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>ifoconfig\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5net-tools\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u624d\u652f\u6301\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<li>ping \uff1aping 127.0.0.1 -c 4\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u53eaping4\u4e2a\u5305<\/li>\n<li>nslookup \uff1a\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790 nslookup www.yusian.com<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>12\u3001\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u5173<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>sudo adduser xxxx\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u540d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5927\u5199<\/li>\n<li>sudo useradd -s \/bin\/bash -g Group -d \/home\/xxxx -m xxxx\uff0c<\/li>\n<li>-s(\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u7c7b\u578b),<\/li>\n<li>-g(\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4),<\/li>\n<li>-d(\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55),<\/li>\n<li>-m \u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u540d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7f16\u8f91\u7528\u6237\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>sudo usermod xxx -s \/bin\/bash -g \u2026..<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>sudo deluser xxx \uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>sudo userdel -r xxxx<\/li>\n<li>-r(\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u8d77\u5220\u9664)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u7ec4\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>sudo groupadd xxxx<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\n<ul>\n<li>sudo passwd xxxx<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\uff1asu xxxx<\/li>\n<li>\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\uff1awhoami<\/li>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\uff1acat \/etc\/passwd<\/li>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\uff1acat \/etc\/shadow<\/li>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f\uff1acat \/etc\/group<\/li>\n<li>\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u540d\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>sudo usermod xxx -l newxxx<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>sudo usermod xxx -d \/home\/newxxx<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\n<ul>\n<li>sudo usermod xxx -md \/home\/newxxx<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>13\u30017\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>&#45; \u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>d  \u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>l   \u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5<\/li>\n<li>s  \u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/li>\n<li>b  \u5757\u8bbe\u5907<\/li>\n<li>c  \u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907<\/li>\n<li>p  \u7ba1\u9053<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>UNIX\u4e4b\u7236\uff1aDennis Ritchie\uff08Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie \u4e39\u5c3c\u65af\u00b7\u9ea6\u5361\u5229\u65af\u6cf0\u5c14\u00b7\u91cc\u5947\uff09 C\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u7236\uff1aDennis Ritchie\uff08Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie \u4e39\u5c3c\u65af\u00b7\u9ea6\u5361\u5229\u65af\u6cf0\u5c14\u00b7\u91cc\u5947\uff09 Linux\u4e4b\u7236\uff1aLinus Benedict Torvalds\uff08\u6797\u7eb3\u65af\u00b7\u672c\u7eb3\u7b2c\u514b\u7279\u00b7\u6258\u74e6\u5179\uff09 C++\u4e4b\u7236\uff1aBjarne Stroustrup\uff08\u672c\u8d3e\u5c3c\u00b7\u65af\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u7279\u5362\u666e\uff09 \u5b89\u5353\u4e4b\u7236\uff1aAndy Rubin\uff08\u5b89\u8fea\u00b7\u9c81\u5bbe\uff09 1\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u6790\u5668 shell \u2014 Unix\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf bash \u2014 Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf 2\u3001Linux \u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4 history \u2014 \u67e5\u770b\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\uff1bCtrl+P\u3001Ctrl+N\u524d\u540e\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u5149\u6807\u952e\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c \u5feb\u6377\u952e\uff1aCtrl+B(\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a) Ctrl+F(\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a) Ctrl+A(\u884c\u9996) Ctrl+E(\u884c\u5c3e) Ctrl+H(\u5220\u9664\u524d) Ctrl+D(\u5220\u9664\u540e) Ctrl+U(\u5220\u9664\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709) ls\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a-\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u3001d\u76ee\u5f55\u3001l\u94fe\u63a5\u7b26\u53f7\u3001b\u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u3001c\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u3001s socket\u6587\u4ef6\u3001p\u7ba1\u9053 mkdir \uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u591a\u91cd\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u52a0\u9012\u5f52\u53c2\u6570-p cp \uff1a\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528cp\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u52a0-r\u9012\u5f52 3\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u5f55 \/bin : \u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4 \/boot : \u6838\u5fc3\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u955c\u50cf\u7b49\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8\uff1b \/dev : \u5916\u90e8\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5916\u90e8\u8bbe\u5907\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ea4\u4e92\uff1b \/etc : \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[8,323],"class_list":["post-1861","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-centos","tag-linux","tag-ubuntu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yusian.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1861","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yusian.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yusian.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yusian.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yusian.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1861"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.yusian.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1861\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yusian.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1861"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yusian.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1861"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yusian.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}