iOS制作自定义数字键盘

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一、应用场景

很多情况下我们的输入都是有硬性要求的，比如只能输入数字，通常情况下我们的解决方案就是指定输入框的键盘模式（keyboardType），可系统提供给我的键盘种类还是非常有限的，如下所示：

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typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIKeyboardType) {
????UIKeyboardTypeDefault,??????????????? // Default type for the current input method.
????UIKeyboardTypeASCIICapable,?????????? // Displays a keyboard which can enter ASCII characters, non-ASCII keyboards remain active
????UIKeyboardTypeNumbersAndPunctuation,? // Numbers and assorted punctuation.
????UIKeyboardTypeURL,??????????????????? // A type optimized for URL entry (shows . / .com prominently).
????UIKeyboardTypeNumberPad,????????????? // A number pad (0-9). Suitable for PIN entry.
????UIKeyboardTypePhonePad,?????????????? // A phone pad (1-9, *, 0, #, with letters under the numbers).
????UIKeyboardTypeNamePhonePad,?????????? // A type optimized for entering a person's name or phone number.
????UIKeyboardTypeEmailAddress,?????????? // A type optimized for multiple email address entry (shows space @ . prominently).
????UIKeyboardTypeDecimalPad NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_1),?? // A number pad with a decimal point.
????UIKeyboardTypeTwitter NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0),????? // A type optimized for twitter text entry (easy access to @ #)
????UIKeyboardTypeWebSearch NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0),??? // A default keyboard type with URL-oriented addition (shows space . prominently).
?
????UIKeyboardTypeAlphabet = UIKeyboardTypeASCIICapable, // Deprecated
?
};

有时候可能不能满足我们的需要，比如在数字键盘中需要增加一个完成按钮等等，我们在现有的键盘上动手脚都无法完美解决我们所遇到的问题，最好的办法就是自定义一个符合我们需求的键盘。

二、示例效果

iOS Simulator Screen Shot 2015年5月20日 下午1.39.56

如何能实现这种效果呢，其实使用非常简单，就一行代码：

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self.textField.keyboardType = SAKeyboardTypeNumber;

三、设计原理

3.1、类似于UITextField这样的文本输入控件，一般都有一个inputView属性，这个属性就是用来指定自定义键盘的，还有一个inputAccessoryView属性，用来在键盘上方增加自定义的工具条或控件，我们自定义键盘就从inputView这个属性上做文章。

3.2、然而在使用的时候，我又希望能保持系统风格，即通过setKeyboardType:这个方法，或者改变keyboardType这个枚举值来达到指定自定义键盘的目的，看起来一切都是那么的自然，就好像扩展了系统键盘类型这种效果，我个人认为这种封装是最好的，不用改变开发者的使用习惯！

3.3、由于要改变setKeyboardType:这个方法，无法通过Category实现，只能自定义一个TextField继承自UITextField来覆盖这个方法，如果不想这样做，那就只能通过inputView属性来实现，我这里只介绍前者，我认为重写没什么不好，并且项目上很多系统的类都是需要重写的，重写可以统一风格，统一调整，重写还可以积累自己的一些好用的东西，最终可以积累出一个属于自己的库！

3.4、另外一点，这个键盘需要事先通过xib画好，每一个键可以使用按钮来实现，排版布局这里不做太多说明，实现输入则是调用TextField的replaceRange:withText这个就去来实现

四、代码说明

SATextField.m

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//
//? SATextField.m
//? Test
//
//? Created by 余西安 on 15/5/16.
//? Copyright (c) 2015年 Sian. All rights reserved.
//
?
#import "SATextField.h"
#import "SANumberKeyboard.h"
?
@implementation SATextField
?
- (void)setKeyboardType:(SAKeyboardType)keyboardType
{
????switch (keyboardType) {
????????case SAKeyboardTypeNumber:{
????????????SANumberKeyboard *keyboard = [SANumberKeyboard keyboardWithTextField:self];
????????????self.inputView = keyboard;
?????????????
????????}break;
?????????????
????????default: [super setKeyboardType:(UIKeyboardType)keyboardType]; break;
????}
}
?
@end

SANumberKeyboard.m

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//
//? SANumberKeyboard.m
//? Test
//
//? Created by 余西安 on 15/5/16.
//? Copyright (c) 2015年 Sian. All rights reserved.
//
?
#import "SANumberKeyboard.h"
?
@implementation SANumberKeyboard
?
+ (instancetype)keyboardWithTextField:(SATextField *)textField;
{
????SANumberKeyboard *keyboard = [[self alloc] init];
????keyboard.textField = textField;
????return keyboard;
}
?
- (instancetype)init
{
????self = [[[NSBundle mainBundle] loadNibNamed:@"SANumberKeyboard" owner:nil options:nil] firstObject];
????for (UIButton *btn in self.subviews) {
????????if (btn.tag == 0) continue;
????????UIImage *image = [self imageWithColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];
????????UIImage *image1 = [self imageWithColor:[UIColor colorWithWhite:0.8 alpha:1.0]];
????????if (btn.tag <= 10)[btn setBackgroundImage:image forState:UIControlStateNormal]; ????????if (btn.tag > 10)[btn setBackgroundImage:image1 forState:UIControlStateNormal];
????????[btn addTarget:self action:@selector(buttonEven:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
????}
????return self;
}
?
/// 指定颜色生成一张大小为(1,1)的图片
- (UIImage *)imageWithColor:(UIColor *)color
{
????CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
????UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(rect.size);
????CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
?????
????CGContextSetFillColorWithColor(context, [color CGColor]);
????CGContextFillRect(context, rect);
?????
????UIImage *image = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
????UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
?????
????return image;
}
?
/// 各按键事件
- (void)buttonEven:(UIButton *)button
{
????UITextRange *textRange = self.textField.selectedTextRange;
????NSString *string = @"";
????switch (button.tag) {
????????case? 1: string = @"1"; break;
????????case? 2: string = @"2"; break;
????????case? 3: string = @"3"; break;
????????case? 4: string = @"4"; break;
????????case? 5: string = @"5"; break;
????????case? 6: string = @"6"; break;
????????case? 7: string = @"7"; break;
????????case? 8: string = @"8"; break;
????????case? 9: string = @"9"; break;
????????case 10: string = @"0"; break;
????????case 11: string = @"."; break;
????????case 12:{
????????????if (textRange.isEmpty){
????????????????UITextPosition *from = [self.textField positionFromPosition:textRange.start offset:-1];
????????????????UITextPosition *to = [self.textField positionFromPosition:textRange.start offset:0];
????????????????textRange = [self.textField textRangeFromPosition:from toPosition:to];
????????????}
????????}break;
????????default:break;
????}
????[self.textField replaceRange:textRange withText:string];
}
?
@end

五、源码下载(Demo)

SAKeyboard

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